Perspective

, Volume: 22( 12)

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A Biomonitoring of Particles

*Correspondence:

Joe Wilson
Joe Wilson, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Antwerp Maritime Academy, Antwerpen, Belgium
E-mail: jwilson485@gmail.com

Abstract

Using bio monitors, which provide time integrated measurements of the parts of the total ambient metal load that are directly relevant to ecotoxicology, it is possible to identify regional and/or temporal variations in the bioavailability of heavy metals in the marine environment. Heavy metal bio monitors must meet a number of specifications, not the least of which is that they must be metal accumulators. Recognition of the presence and relative magnitude of various metal sources is made possible by the use of a variety of bio monitors.

To enable intra-specific comparisons of bio availabilities between geographical locations, it is necessary to find extensive global bio monitors. The alga Ulva Lactuca, the mussels of the genera Mytilus and Perna, the oysters Ostrea and Crassostrea, the barnacles Balanus amphitrite and Tetraclita squamosa, and the talitrid amphipod Platorchestia platensis are examples of such global bio monitors. The requirement for accurate, precisetaxonomic identification continues to be a significant caution in the deployment of such global bio monitors.

Keywords

Biomonitoring; Heavy particles; Physiologic monitoring; Bioavilabilities; Heavy metals

Introduction

The term "biomonitoring," short for "biological monitoring," is used in the field of environmental public health to describe the measurement of an environmental chemical, its metabolite (s), or reaction product (s), in human blood, urine, milk, saliva, adipose, or other tissue in individuals taken separately but typically taken together to constitute a population, in order to assess human exposure to that chemical. It was discovered, for instance, that the general population of industrialized nations was exposed to lead to a level that necessitated rapid action using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Because of this, the lead content of gasoline was decreased, and for the first time, HBM was utilized in extensive population studies to measure blood lead levels and monitor the effectiveness of the interventions made.

Heart rate, pulse waveform, respiration rate, tissue pCO₂, exhaled carbon dioxide, physical activity, the strain on orthopedic devices, intra corporal pressure, and gastrointestinal lumen visibility is among the measures that can be taken. The transistor, a then-new piece of technology, was employed in wireless communications techniques as early as 1957 to measure pH and temperature from internal cavities.

Description

The applications of bio monitoring are numerous. The international life sciences institute/Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) subcommittee on bio monitoring has created a wheel with bio monitoring at the center. Applications for bio monitoring are shown in numerous spokes projects from the hub. These spokes ultimately connect to the inner wheel, indicating that information from these "spokes" may be utilized to measure exposure or investigate potential adverse effects or risks to health. Applications of these data are better defined by the outer wheel. The creation of reference ranges and the gathering of information on spatial and temporal trends are two of the spokes leading to exposure assessment.

Conclusion

The HESI wheel and the several recent symposia and workshops on the subject both demonstrate the wide range of applications for biomonitoring in environmental public health. The interpretation of the law, particularly when it involves nonpersistent compounds, may be the most problem. We must also be aware that the objectives of the study for which biomonitoring is being undertaken, or the study design, have a significant role in its proper usage and interpretation. The population type may be determined by the study's design.

The FCC's rules are altering to accommodate the demands of medical short distance communication while the radio spectrum constraints continue to create certain restrictions. A significant power supply restriction still affects engineering design. Practical solutions include repeater utilization, LAN networks with more power, and reduced duty cycle. These readings will become more accurate and dependable thanks to wireless telemetry, and in some circumstances, this will enhance healthcare while significantly lowering costs.